at higher speeds. As on the Paris Métro, steel emergency wheels were fitted alongside the tires in case of deflation.

Enclosing the running gear protected it from rain, ice, and snow, addressing a major limitation of earlier rubber-tired metro systems and suspended monorails such as the Wuppertal Schwebebahn in Germany.

SAFEGE-type monorails in the world

Although the SAFEGE system gained international attention for its innovative enclosed-beam design, only a few such systems

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