speed in the optimum way, without delay or overshoot, by altering the power output of the vehicle's engine. In this way the error is used to control the PV so that it equals the SP. A widespread of error is classically used in the PID controller.

Industrial applications

Special consideration must be given for engineering applications. In industrial systems, physical or process restraints may limit the determined set point. For example, a reactor which operates more efficiently

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