basis of how many of the 11 diagnostic criteria are met. The ICD-11 divides substance use disorders into two categories: (1) harmful pattern of substance use; and (2) substance dependence.

In 2017, globally 271 million people (5.5% of adults) were estimated to have used one or more illicit drugs. Of these, 35 million had a substance use disorder. An additional 237 million men and 46 million women have alcohol use disorder as of 2016. In 2017, substance use disorders