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succinic acid readily ionizes to form its conjugate base, succinate . As a diprotic acid, succinic acid undergoes two successive deprotonation reactions:
:(CH2)2(CO2H)2 -> (CH2)2(CO2H)(CO2)- + H+
:(CH2)2(CO2H)(CO2)- -> (CH2)2(CO2)22-

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