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from the Arabian Peninsula with a band of Hadhrami. With their assistance, he managed to overpower the local Habar Gidir clans and establish the Sultanate of Hobyo.

Early contact with Europeans

In the late 19th century, many Somali monarchs entered into treaties with one of the colonial powers, France, Britain, or Italy, Sultan Kenadiid entered into a treaty with the Kingdom of Italy,

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