on Vulgar Latin dialect, consonantal developed into (kept in Spanish), then later to .

During the late Middle Ages, two minuscule forms developed, which were both used for or the vowel . The pointed form was written at the beginning of a word, while a rounded form was used in the middle or end, regardless of sound. So whereas 'valour' and 'excuse' appeared as in modern printing, 'have' and 'upon' were printed 'haue'