a traditional form of bullfighting known as Varzajang (or VarzaJang) is practiced in the northern province of Gilan, particularly in the Sangar district, including the village of Sarundan. Phenomenological studies by Hossein Solati, Morteza Bahrani, and Seyed Khodayar Mortazavi have examined its persistence during international tensions and argue that the practice constitutes animal abuse rather than a game.

History

Bullfighting traces its roots to

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