that respiratory gas exchange is a form of combustion, similar to the burning of a candle. Lavoisier named this apparatus "calorimeter", based on both Greek and Latin roots. One of the first ice calorimeters was used in the winter of 1782-83 by Lavoisier and Pierre-Simon Laplace. It relied on the heat required for the melting of ice to measure the heat released in various chemical reactions.

Adiabatic calorimeters