They are formed at high temperature (1,450 °C) in the cement kiln and are the following:

The four compounds referred as C₃S, C₂S, C₃A and C₄AF are known as the main crystalline phases of Portland cement. The phase composition of a particular cement can be quantified through a complex set of calculation known as the Bogue formula.

To avoid the flash setting of concrete, due to the very fast hydration

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