also frequently used. The romanized kanji in the ateji literally translates to "able to love/be loved, can/may love, lovable."

Various modern Standard Japanese words have related meanings such as the adjectival noun ????? kawaiso (often written with ateji as ??? or ???) "piteous, pitiable, arousing compassion, poor, sad, sorry" (etymologically from ???? "face / projecting, reflecting, or transmitting light, flushing, blushing / seeming,