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the earth" signifies material wealth, portrayed as a source of envy, greed, intrigue, and corruption. Accordingly, he argues that the ruling and producing classes must possess different qualifications. The ruling class, endowed with the virtues likened to "gold and silver" in the soul, should therefore be excluded from the economic qualification to accumulate worldly wealth. The producing class, by contrast, possesses a temperament likened to "bronze" and thus may form and exchange wealth and property, but must be barred from participation in

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