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through x and
:is called negative semi-orbit through x.

Discrete time dynamical system

For a discrete time dynamical system with a time-invariant evolution function :

The forward orbit of x is the set :
:

If the function is invertible, the backward orbit of x is the set :

:

and orbit of x is the set :

:

where :
* is the evolution function
* set is the dynamical space,
* is number of iteration, which is natural number

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