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It has been shown that RyR's have fourfold symmetry and adopt a mushroom-like structure: a large cytosolic assembly that forms the "cap" and smaller transmembrane regions that form the "stalk", which is embedded into the sarco/endoplasmatic reticulum's membrane. The bulk of the receptors, approximately 80% of the mass, are present in the cytosolic domain, which accounts for the many regulatory interactions. The cytosolic portion of the structure is made up of an extended ?-solenoid scaffold which is able

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