spoken and written language on each other. Many spellings represent older forms and corresponding older pronunciations. Some spellings, however, are not etymologically correct.

Speakers often privilege spelling pronunciations. Pronunciations can then arise that are similar to older pronunciations or that can even be completely new pronunciations that are suggested by the spelling but never occurred before.

English examples

* kiln with a fully pronounced n, instead of a silent n. Kiln was originally pronounced kil with

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