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addition to anticoagulation, some patients with VTE may benefit from adjunctive therapies, such as thrombolysis, catheter-directed interventions, or inferior vena cava (IVC) filters, to remove or prevent thrombus migration. However, these therapies are associated with higher risks of bleeding and complications. These therapies are not routinely recommended by the current guidelines except for specific indications, such as massive PE, iliofemoral DVT, or contraindications

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