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<p>The toughness of a material can be measured using a small specimen of that material. A typical testing machine uses a pendulum to deform a notched specimen of defined cross-section. The height from which the pendulum fell, minus the height to which it rose after deforming the specimen, multiplied by the weight of the pendulum, is a measure of the energy absorbed by the specimen as it was deformed during the <a href="page.php?w=impact_%28mechanics%29">impact</a> with the pendulum. The <a href="page.php?w=Charpy_impact_test">Charpy</a> and <a href="page.php?w=Izod_impact_strength_test">Izod</a></p><p>
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