by princely states and the common masses against the disempowering policies of British rule.

Till this time trade unionism was not known to workers, they were reacting to extreme exploitative working conditions and very low wages. They formed themselves as 'jamaats' which were based more on social caste basis in order to fight the oppression and exploitation of their employers. This was the beginning of organization by the workers even though not the trade unions in essence.

From 1905 onwards there was notable advance in the working

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