endorse control by any one entity, over access to the networked resources of another entity." URNs were free, but lacked a resolver discovery services, and, wrote Kunze, "it seemed to me that the IETF community lost interest in creating a whole new Internet indirection infrastructure that would add little to existing web and DNS mechanisms, especially in light of the small part that indirection plays in keeping links from breaking."

In contrast to these other systems, the ARK scheme proposed