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of glass which admitted less light. The innovations of the 12th century, particularly the new vaults and the use flying buttresses, made possible thinner lateral walls and larger windows. Instead of being set into thick stone frames, the window panes could be separated by thin stone mouldings or bars. These new windows were much lighter and larger and allowed more openings and more intricate designs.

Simplified interior elevations

In Classic cathedrals the nave walls were usually divided into three levels, with the arcade

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