into -O^- and H⁺, giving ADP^3-, and this ion tends to exist in an ionic bond with Mg²⁺, giving ADPMg^-. ATP behaves identically except that it has four hydroxyl groups, giving ATPMg^3-. When these differences along with the true charges on the two phosphate groups are considered together, the net charges of -4 on each side are balanced.

In high-oxygen (aerobic) conditions, eukaryotic cells can continue from glycolysis to metabolise the pyruvate through the citric acid cycle