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groups of Hamasien maintained their autonomous leaders who were tributaries to the Ma'ikele Bahr ("middle of the coast"), the governor overseeing the region between the Ethiopian highlands and the Red Sea. By the 15th century, these governors were known as Bahr Negash ("king of the sea"), who controlled northern trade routes. Emperor Zara Yaqob placed two kantiba of Hamasien under the Bahr Negash, whose capital

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