(1946-1949) and the rise of the Italian Communist Party under Palmiro Togliatti. At that point, the committee planned to recommend aid but at $12 Billion (not $19 Billion) as a loan (not a gift) with an American entity to oversee not only distribution but advantages for the United States on imports like rubber, tin, and manganese.

On Thursday, November 13, 1947, the Herter Committee released seven reports to Congress (published next day by newspapers).