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is "now commonly referred to as West Asia." Later on in 2012, the FAO defined the Near East as a subregion of the Middle East. The FAO's definition of the Near East included Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Lebanon, Palestine, Syria, and Turkey while the rest of the Middle East included the Arabian Peninsula, the Caucasus, and Iran.

Eastern question

At the beginning of the nineteenth century, the Ottoman Empire included all of the

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