Charged membranes were used. So they selected amino acids by pKa. Besides the selectivity of a membrane is affected by its thickness, pore diameter and charge potential. The bigger pore is, the better amino acids permeate the membrane. The higher charge potential is, the bigger electrostatic rejection effects are. The thinner membrane, the less it is selective.

The clean groundwater

Pollutants can be deleted from groundwater by perstraction. Different techniques have been patented. The oldest one has published in 1990 and the

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