speeding, and violation of mainline rules. Of these, the misuse of signals accounted for over half of the total damage costs. Collisions are the most severe type of train accident, causing on average 21 casualties in passenger trains.

Derailments

Apart from incidents at grade crossings, derailments are the most common type of train accident, accounting for approximately 18 percent of all train accidents between 1996 and 2017 According to a 2018 study, the most common causes of derailments include, in order of frequency:

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