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speed of Rayleigh waves in metals is of the order of 2-5 km/s, and the typical Rayleigh speed in the ground is of the order of 50-300 m/s for shallow waves less than 100-m depth and 1.5-4 km/s at depths greater than 1 km. Since Rayleigh waves are confined near the surface, their in-plane amplitude when generated by a point source decays only as , where is the radial distance. Surface waves therefore decay more slowly with distance than do bulk waves, which spread out in three dimensions from a point source. This slow decay

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