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During the Pliocene and the Quaternary, it was subjected to differentiated negative movements, the course of the river Iskar was obstructed, and the entire valley was transformed into a large lake. The lake disappeared after the river later made its way through the Balkan Mountains via the Iskar Gorge and created its present riverbed. As a result of the lake's long existence, thick sediments reaching 200-800 m have accumulated on the bottom of the drained valley. The

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