phoneme in some interjections (ex. ma?: "take!").

[b, x, ?, ç, j] occur as allophones of /w, q, ?, tc, dz/.

When a labial approximant /w/ occurs at the end of a word, it is pronounced as a [u].

When a velar nasal /n/ occurs before a voiced uvular fricative /?/, it becomes a voiced uvular stop [G].

The phonemes /(s) (z)/ only occur in Russian loanwords.

Writing system

In the 1980s, (Gavril Kurilov) developed a writing system for the language, based on the Russian alphabet