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to change location slightly as angle of attack varies. In most literature however the aerodynamic center is assumed to be fixed at the 25% chord position.

Role of aerodynamic center in aircraft stability

For longitudinal static stability:
:

For directional static stability:
:

Where:
*
*

For a force acting away from the aerodynamic center, which is away from the reference point:
:

Which for small angles and , ,

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