These early programs struggled due to small scale and planning issues, demonstrating that convenience and high vehicle utilization were key to the model's eventual success. Many other shared car experiments were attempted but were unable to grow large enough to sustain, among them: Green Cars (UK, 1977-1984), Bilpoolen (Lund, Sweden, 1976-1979), and Bilkooperativ (Gothenburg, 1985-1990).

1980s-1990s: Growth and North American introduction

Car sharing saw a resurgence around the 1980s and 1990s with organised, membership-based

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