diffraction, liquids, surfaces using lower energy electrons, a technique called LEED, and by reflecting electrons off surfaces, a technique called RHEED.

There are also many levels of analysis of electron diffraction, including:
# The simplest approximation using the de Broglie wavelength for electrons, where only the geometry is considered and often Bragg's law is invoked. This approach only considers the electrons far from the sample, a far-field or Fraunhofer