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of the key atomic properties of , such as its size and ionization energy.

The size of the ⁴He nucleus has long been known to be in the order of magnitude of 1 fm. In an experiment involving the use of exotic helium atoms where an atomic electron was replaced by a muon, the nucleus size (as charge radius) has been estimated to be 1.67824(83) fm.

Stability of the ⁴He nucleus and electron shell

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