none of these reactions alter the illocutionary force of the statement: the promise was made.

That is to say, in each case a declaration, command, or promise has necessarily taken place in virtue of the utterance itself, whether the hearer believes in or acts upon the declaration, command, or promise or not.

On the other hand, with a perlocutionary act, the object of the utterance has not taken place unless the hearer deems it so -- for example, if one utters, "I hereby insult you," or "I hereby persuade you" -- one would not

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