irregular.

A number of verbs have fewer than four principal parts: deponent verbs, such as hortor - hortari - hortatus sum, "to exhort", lack a perfect form, as do semi-deponent verbs, such as audeo - audere - ausus sum, "to dare"; in both cases, passive forms are treated as active, so all perfect forms are covered by the perfect participle. A handful of verbs are also defective, including the verb odi - odisse, "to hate", which only has perfect forms derived from a single stem.

Ancient Greek

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