pinnacles in pyramid shapes, were often placed around the spires, to express the transition between the square base and the octagonal spire.

The spires of the late 13th century achieved great height; one example was Freiburg Minster in Germany, where the gabled lantern and spire reached a height of 385 ft. In England, a tall needle spire was sometimes constructed at the edge of tower, with pinnacles at the other corners. The western spires of Lichfield Cathedral