in 1275, engineer Hasan al-Rammah - who worked as a military scientist for the Mamluk Sultanate of Egypt - wrote that it might be possible to create a projectile resembling an egg, which propelled itself through water carrying "fire".

Early naval mines

In modern language, a "torpedo" is an underwater self-propelled explosive, but historically, the term also applied to primitive naval mines and spar torpedoes.

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