signals (graded receptor potentials) which travel along auditory nerves to hearing centres in the brain.

The olfactory system

In the olfactory system, odorant molecules in the mucus bind to G-protein receptors on olfactory cells. The G-protein activates a downstream signalling cascade that causes increased level of cyclic-AMP (cAMP), which trigger neurotransmitter release.

The gustatory system

In the gustatory system, perception

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