were combined to form the North-Western (Hargeisa) Province.

In 1984, the Somalia government established the Awdal region.

From the late 1980s, Somalia was in a state of civil war. In northwestern Somalia, the Somali National Movement (SNM), a political organization centered on the Isaaq clan, took up arms and waged an anti-government movement. At first, the Gadabuursi clan militia fought alongside the Somalia government

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