1870s. This created a large black migrant population in Kimberley.

Housing

Native housing was created for miners by mining managers. These locations improved security and limited theft of diamonds. They had no natural water sources or proper waste disposal. The origins and features of the apartheid city structure can be traced back to the particular class, social and economic circumstances of rapid industrialisation in Kimberley.

Health

Between 1897 and 1899, a total of 7,853

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