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and cooperative farming methods.

The 18th century also saw the emergence of new perceptions of marshland, long considered as unhealthy places in which to live. Administrative authorities encouraged action to recover the peat marshes by drainage work and the planting of more trees. The reduction of marshland again allowed for even more areas of cultivation to feed the increasing population.

During the 19th century, technical progress (for example, the replacement of windmills by steam engines)

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