which is believed to have been cultivated by inhabitants of Guilá Naquitz cave between 10,000 and 8,000 years ago.

Wild types

As of November 2025, Plants of the World Online does not recognize any subspecies or varieties, treating those that have been named as synonyms of the species.

Other sources accept a number of subspecies and varieties. C. argyrosperma subsp. sororia is believed to be the wild ancestor of the other

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