oldest democratic republic, Liberia (formed in 1822), has had its political stability rocked by periodic violence and coups.

Global use of the term

Starting in the 20th century after World War II, many countries used the term "democratic republic" in their official names--most of which were Marxist-Leninist, or socialist, one-party states--that did not allow political opposition, free press or other democratic norms and institutions. These include states

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