authority.
# Deference cases: the court provides an abstract or theoretical ruling, leaving to the national court the determination of seriousness and compatibility. These cases appear less.

It has also been shown that the principle of state liability has primarily served commercial interests in the Union. There are several obstacles to state liability for other groups of rights (environmental, social, consumer) including the inability to claim an 'identifiable right' under the judgment, struggling to sue as the losses are spread