to the Dacians around the 3rd to 4th century AD. Many Dacians also joined the Roman army, supporting Roman military campaigns. While some Dacians fled or migrated to the Free Dacian territories, the Free Dacians continued to maintain their independence, conducting raids on Roman territories until around the 4th century AD.

Furthermore, it appears that the Romans did not permanently occupy the entirety of Decebal's kingdom. The latter's borders, as many scholars believe, are described in Ptolemy's Geographia: the Siret river in the east,