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of Guiyang Miao. Similarly, Ná-Meo is not addressed in the classifications below, but is believed by Nguyen (2007) to be closest to Hmu (Qiandong Miao).

Purnell (1970)

Purnell (1970) divided the Miao languages into Eastern, Northern, Central, and Western subgroups.

*Miao
**Eastern
***Jung-chiang (Rongjiang,

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