to its cross-section area and inversely proportional to its length.

Linear springs

Consider a simple helical spring that has one end attached to some fixed object, while the free end is being pulled by a force whose magnitude is . Suppose that the spring has reached a state of equilibrium, where its length is not changing anymore. Let be the amount by which the free end of the spring was displaced from its "relaxed" position (when it is not being

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