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industrial engineering are generally traced back to the Industrial Revolution with the rise of factory systems and mass production. The fundamental concepts began to emerge through ideas like Adam Smith's division of labor and the implementation of interchangeable parts by Eli Whitney. The term "industrial engineer" is credited to James Gunn who proposed the need for such an engineer focused on production and cost analysis in 1901. However, Frederick Taylor is widely credited as the "father of industrial engineering" for his focus on scientific

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