north-east to up to 4.0 - 4.6 °C in the west and the east of the oblast. The duration of the frost-free season is 113 to 127 days. The northern part of the oblast is the coldest, while the central part is moderately cold. In the south, in the zone of forest steppes, the climate is relatively warm. Precipitation is distributed unevenly, varying from 780 to(-) 826 mm in the north and the west and up to 690 - 760 mm in the south.

Hydrography

The Oka is the main river in the oblast's river system.

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