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1931, RCA Victor launched the first commercially available vinyl long-playing record, marketed as "Program-Transcription" records. These revolutionary discs were designed for playback at 33 1/3 rpm and were pressed on 30-cm diameter flexible plastic discs, with a duration of about ten minutes playing time per side. Victor's early introduction of a long-playing record was a commercial failure for several reasons, including the lack of affordable consumer playback equipment and consumer rejection during the

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