that only a few years later the 1989 Salvage Convention came into force, adopting this new LOF idea. Specifically, articles 13 and 14 of the Convention lay down the modern basis for making the award.

Although the 1989 Convention has been a success, the House of Lords decision in The Nagasaki Spirit showed that it had been poorly drafted in places, and did not always provide adequate reimbursement to salvors. The international